Why are Pap tests important?

Pap tests can find cervical cancer early, when treatment is more likely to be effective. The test also can help the doctor find abnormal cells before cancer develops. Finding and treating abnormal cells can prevent most cervical cancer.

For the last several decades, the number of women diagnosed with cervical cancer has been decreasing. Doctors believe this is mainly because of the success of Pap tests.

The Pap test (sometimes called a Pap smear) is a simple procedure used to study cervical cells. For most women the test is not painful. In an office or clinic, the doctor or nurse takes a sample of cells from the cervix. The sample is then sent to a lab, where it is checked for cancer.

Most women should begin having the test every three years after they become sexually active or after age 21, whichever comes first. Women should talk with their doctor about what is right for them. This is especially important for women who have a higher-than-average risk of developing cervical cancer.

For more information about cervical cancer, call the NCI's Cancer Information Service at 1-800-4-CANCER or visit the NCI website.

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