Douglas F. Nixon, DPhil

University College London, University of London, B.Sc. (Hons), 1981, Immunology
Westminster Medical School, London, M.B., B.S., 1984, Medicine and Surgery
University of Oxford, England, M.A., 1991, Immunology
University of Oxford, England, D. Phil., 1992, Immunology

• 1989-1993
  Clinical Lecturer, Medicine, University of Oxford, U.K.
• 1993-1995
  Director, Immunotherapy, United Biomedical, Inc., New York
• 1996-1997
  Visiting Scientist, Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, New York
• 1997-2000
  Staff Investigator, Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, New York
• 1997-2000
  Assistant Professor, The Rockefeller University, New York
• 2000-present
  Associate Investigator, Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology, San Francisco
• 2001-2006
  Associate Professor of Medicine (in residence), University of California, San Francisco
• 2006-present
  Professor of Medicine (in residence), University of California, San Francisco

• Nixon DF, Townsend ARM, Elvin JG, Rizza CR, Gallwey J and McMichael AJ. HIV-1 gag-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes defined with recombinant vaccinia virus and synthetic peptides. Nature, 1988 336:484-487.
• Phillips RE, Rowland-Jones S, Nixon DF, Gotch FM, Edwards JP, Ogunlesi AO, Elvin JG, Rothbard J, Bangham CRM, Rizza CR and McMichael AJ. Human immunodeficiency virus genetic variation that can escape cytotoxic T cell recognition. Nature, 1991 354:453-459.
• Ogg GS, Jin X, Bonhoeffer S, Dunbar PR, Nowak MA, Monard S, Segal JP, Cao Y, Rowland-Jones S, Cerundolo V, Hurley A, Markowitz M, Ho DD, Nixon DF and McMichael AJ. Quantitation of HIV-1-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes and plasma load of viral RNA. Science, 1998 279:2103-2106.
• Ortiz GM*, Nixon DF*, Trkola A, Binley J, Jin X, Bonhoeffer S, Kuebler PJ, Donahoe SM, Demoitie MA, Kakimoto WM, Ketas T, Clas B, Zhang L, Cao Y, Hurley A, Moore JP, Ho DD and Markowitz M. HIV-1-specific immune responses in subjects who temporarily contain virus replication after discontinuation of highly active antiretroviral therapy. Journal of Clinical Investigation, 1999 104:R13-R18. *Shared primary authorship.
• Rose, NF, Marx PA, Luckay A, Nixon DF, Moretto WJ, Donahoe SM, Montefiori D, Roberts A, Buonocore L and Rose JK. An effective AIDS vaccine based on live attenuated vesicular stomatitis virus recombinants. Cell, 2001 106:539-549.
• Ortiz GM, Wellons M, Brancato J, Vo HTT, Zinn RL, Clarkson DE, Miralles GD, Van Loon K, Bonhoeffer S, Montefiori D, Bartlett JA and Nixon DF. Structured antiretroviral therapy interruption in chronically HIV-1-infected subjects. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 2001 98:13288-13293.
• Aandahl EM, Moretto WJ, Haslett PA, Vang T, Bryn T, Tasken K and Nixon DF. Inhibition of antigen-specific T cell proliferation and cytokine production by protein kinase A type I. J. Immunology, 2002 169:802-808.
• Aandahl EM, Sandberg JK, Beckerman KP, Moretto WJ, Tasken K and Nixon DF. CD7 Is a differentiation marker that identifies multiple CD8 T-cell effector Subsets J. Immunology, 2003 170:2349-2355.
• Sandberg JK, Fast NM, Jordan KA, Furlan SN, Barbour J, Fennelly G, Dobroszycki J, Spiegel HML, Wiznia A, Rosenberg MG, and Nixon DF. CD4+ T cell and age requirements for effective, antigen-driven CD8+ T cell responses in pediatric HIV-infection. J. Immunology, 2003 170:4403-4410.
• Shacklett BL, Cox CA, Sandberg JK, Stollman NH, Jacobson MA and Nixon, DF. Trafficking of HIV-specific CD8+ T cells to gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) during chronic infection. J. Virology, 2003 77:5621-5631.
• Karlsson AC, Deeks SG, Barbour JD, Heiken BD, Younger SR, Hoh R, Lane M, Sällberg M, Ortiz GM, Demarest JM, Liegler T, Grant RM, Martin JN and Nixon DF. Dual pressure from antiretroviral drug and cell mediated immune response on the HIV-1 protease gene. J. Virology, 2003 77:6743-6752.
• Aandahl EM, Michaelsson J, Moretto WJ, Hecht FM, Nixon DF. Human CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T cells control T cell responses to HIV and CMV antigens. J. Virology, 2004 78(5):2454-2459.
• Sandberg JK, Stoddart CA, Brilot F, Jordan KA, and Nixon DF. Development of innate CD4+ Vα24 NKT cells in the early human fetal thymus is regulated by IL-7. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 2004 101(18):7058-7063.
• Moll M, Snyder-Cappione J, Spotts G, Hecht FM, Sandberg JK, Nixon DF. Expansion of CD1d-restricted NKT cells in patients with primary HIV-1 infection treated with interleukin-2. Blood, 2006 107(8):3081-3083.
• Michaelsson J, Mold JE, McCune JM, Nixon DF. Regulation of T cell responses in the developing human fetus. J. Immunology, 2006 176(10):5741-5748.
• Snyder-Cappione JE, Nixon DF*, Loo CP, Chapman JM, Meiklejohn DA, Melo FF, Costa PR, Sandberg JK, Rodrigues DS, Kallas EG. Individuals with Pulmonary Tuberculosis have lower levels of circulating CD1d-restricted NKT cells. Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2007 May 1; 195(9):1361-4. *Corresponding author.
• Karlsson AC, Chapman JM, Heiken BD, Hoh R, Kallas EG, Martin JN, Hecht FM, Deeks SG, Nixon DF. Antiretroviral drug therapy alters the profile of human immunodeficiency virus type 1-specific T-cell responses and shifts the immunodominant cytotoxic T-lymphocyte response from Gag to Pol. J Virol. 2007 Oct; 81(20):11543-8.
• Ballan WM, Vu BA, Long BR, Loo CP, Michaëlsson J, Barbour JD, Lanier LL, Wiznia AA, Abadi J, Fennelly GJ, Rosenberg MG, Nixon DF. Natural killer cells in perinatally HIV-1-infected children exhibit less degranulation compared to HIV-1-exposed uninfected children and their expression of KIR2DL3, NKG2C, and NKp46 correlates with disease severity. J Immunol. 2007 Sep 1; 179(5):3362-70.
• Ndhlovu LC, Loo CP, Spotts G, Nixon DF, Hecht FM. FOXP3 expressing CD127lo CD4+ T cells inversely correlates with CD38+ CD8+ T cell activation levels in primary HIV-1 infection. J Leukoc Biol. 2008 Feb;83(2):254-62. Epub 2007 Nov 2.
• Garrison KE, Jones RB, Meiklejohn DA, Anwar N, Ndhlovu LC, Chapman JM, Erickson AL, Agrawal A, Spotts G, Hecht FM, Rakoff-Nahoum S, Lenz J, Ostrowski MA, Nixon DF. T Cell Responses to Human Endogenous Retroviruses in HIV-1 Infection. PLoS Pathog. 2007 Nov 9;3(11):e165.
• Long BR, Michaelsson J, Loo CP, Ballan WM, Vu BA, Hecht FM, Lanier LL, Chapman JM, Nixon DF. Elevated frequency of gamma interferon-producing NK cells in healthy adults vaccinated against influenza virus. Clin Vaccine Immunol. 2008 Jan;15(1):120-30. Epub 2007 Nov 14.
• Michaelsson J, Long BR, Loo CP, Lanier LL, Spotts G, Hecht FM, Nixon DF. Immune Reconstitution of CD56(dim) NK Cells in Individuals with Primary HIV-1 Infection Treated with Interleukin-2. J Infect Dis. 2008 Jan 1;197(1):117-125.
• Perez CL, Larsen MV, Gustafsson R, Norstrom MM, Atlas A, Nixon DF, Nielsen M, Lund O, Karlsson AC. Broadly Immunogenic HLA Class I Supertype-Restricted Elite CTL Epitopes Recognized in a Diverse Population Infected with Different HIV-1 Subtypes. J Immunol. 2008 Apr 1;180(7):5092-100.
• Long BR, Ndhlovu LC, Oksenberg JR, Lanier LL, Hecht FM, Nixon DF, Barbour JD. KIR3DS1 Conferral of Enhanced Natural Killer Cell Function in Early HIV-1 Infection. J Virol. 2008 May;82(10):4785-92 Epub 2008 Feb 27.
• Jones RB, Ndhlovu LC, Barbour JD, Sheth PM, Jha AR, Long BR, Wong JC, Satkunarajah M, Schweneker M, Chapman JM, Gyenes G, Vali B, Hyrcza MD, Yue FY, Kovacs C, Sassi A, Loutfy M, Halpenny R, Persad D, Spotts G, Hecht FM, Chun TW, McCune JM, Kaul R, Rini JM, Nixon DF, Ostrowski MA. Tim-3 expression defines a novel population of dysfunctional T cells with highly elevated frequencies in progressive HIV-1 infection. J Exp Med. 2008 Nov 10.