Royal Free Hospital Medical School, London, BSc(1st class Honors), 1959, Anatomy
Royal Dental School, London, BDS (Honors), 1963, Dentistry
Royal Postgraduate Medical School, London, PhD, 1967, Experimental Pathology
Royal College of Pathologists, MRCPath, 1971, Oral Pathology
Royal College of Pathologists, FRCPath, 1983, Oral Pathology